transformation.

A transformation is a general term for four specific way to manipulate the shape of a point, a line, or a shape. The original shape of the object is called the pre-image and the final shape and position of the object is the image under the transformation. The main Transformations are:

rotation

reflection

translation

resizing

trigonometry

Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that studies triangles, particularly right triangles. Trigonometry deals with relationships between the sides and the angles of triangles and with thetrigonometric functions, which describe those relationships, as well as describing angles in general and the motion of waves such as sound and light waves.

The sine function (sin), defined as the ratio of the side opposite the angle to the hypotenuse.

The cosine function (cos), defined as the ratio of the adjacent leg to the hypotenuse.

The tangent function (tan), defined as the ratio of the opposite leg to the adjacent leg.

lines and planes in 3 dimensions

the dimension of a space or object is informally defined as the minimum number ofcoordinatesneeded to specify each point within it. Thus a line has a dimension of one because only one coordinate is needed to specify a point on it. A surface such as a plane or the surface of a cylinderor sphere has a dimension of two because two coordinates are needed to specify a point on it (for example, to locate a point on the surface of a sphere you need both its latitude and its longitude). The inside of a cube, a cylinder or a sphere is three-dimensional because three co-ordinates are needed to locate a point within these spaces.

geometry shape

Shape is all the geometrical information that remains when location, scale and rotational effects are filtered out from an object.

Simple two-dimensional shapes can be described by basic geometry such as points, line, curves,plane, and so on. (A shape whose points belong all the same plane is called a plane figure.)